Internal combustion engine



April 19, 1932.

H; 1; HERR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Aug. 1, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet l -INVENTOR Herber-TT- Herr BY I ATTORNEY April 19, 1932. HERR 1,854,190

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Au 1, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 A. //////A- &\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ m III 2 Fig.2. "1' 91 4 96 15 14' 31 ,4 11 35 as 62 15 e5 l as 6: I E 4s 81 1 5 42 as I v I I H a I 39 82 1s 4-\| 4'4 6 A: is a 8 so 68 WITNESS 59 INVENTOR BY Mam ATTORNEY VII/Il/Il/I/l/l- F 64.

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April 19, 1932.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. l, 1928 I! Fig.8.

INVENTOR "erbcriT. Herr ATTORNEY I WITNE SS 3 April 19, 1932. HERR 1,854,190

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGI NE Filed Aug. 1, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 WITNESS INVENTOR d l-lcrberTT-"crr BY D.

ATTORN EY Patented Apr. 19, 1932 HERBERT T. HERB, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC 8c MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF IENNSYLVANIAM INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed August 1, 1928. Serial No. 296,693.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to those having fuel injection systems; and it has for an object to provide an apparatus of this character which is of improved construction.

and includes an improved arrangement of parts.

Anotherobject is to provide an eificientinjection system for an internal combustion engine, the component parts of which are lig it in weight, can be manufactured. easily and quickly and at a low cost, and can be taken apart and assembled in a minimum period of time.

Another object is to provide a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, which is highly compact when installed, requires a-minimum amount of i ping, and one in which the parts are han 11y located with respect to the engine so as to be quickly accessible for the purposes of adjustment and repair.

Another object is to provide afuel injection system which has incorporated therein an improved drainage arrangement.

Another object is to provide an improved and highly compact fuel manifold device for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

Another object is to provide a fuel manifold for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine which is provided with an improved means for regulating the flow of fuel to its respective cylinder so as to regulate the operation of that cylinder with respect to that of the remaining cylinders.

Another object is to provide in each manifold an improved means for relieving the fuel pressure, which means may be operated at will to completely shut off any one cylinder, or if desired, it may serve as an additional means for regulating the operation of 1 any cylinder with respect to the remaining cylinders.

Another object is to provide an improved arrangement of fuel injection devices with respect to an engine cylinder whereby the efficiency of operation is substantially -in-' creased.

Another object is to provide a fuel injection valve which is of few parts, highly com- I pactand extremely efficient in use.

These and other objects are effected by my invention, as will be apparent from the following description and claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this application, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary elevational View of an internal combustion engine, certain of the parts being shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view through one of the engine cylinders shown in Fig. 1 and taken on the section line IIII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of my improved fuel manifold and taken on the line IIIIII, of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line IV-IV- of Fig. 2 and showing the manner of connecting the fuel conduits to the fuel manifold;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view'taken on the line VV of Fig. 4;;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan view of the fuel manifold;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the manifold; 4

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary detail View showing the fuel injection valve and the manner of securing the same within the engine cylinder;

Fig. 9 is a transverse section taken on the line lX lX of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a view illustrating somewhat diagrammatically a fuel injection pump delivering fuel to two working cylinders.

According to a preferred embodiment of my invention, which is shown on the accompanying drawings, I provide an internal combustion engine having a plurality of working cylinders. One or more fuel injection valves are mounted in each of the cylinders.

opening of its respective manifold. drain conduit is also provided for each mject on valve and servesas a means for conveying to the drain opening in its respective manifold any fuel which might leak past the joints between the component parts of the injection valve. I also provide a single drain conduit which communicates with the drain opening of each manifold and serves as a means for conveying all of the waste fuel back to the fuel reservoir. Improved connections are also provided between the several fuel conduits and the inlet and outlet openings in the manifold.

Each fuel manifold is also provided with drain passages which connect the inlet and outlet openings with the drain opening, so that, if fuel should leak past any of the abovementioned connections it will be conveyed back to the fuel reservoir. I also provide each manifold with a regulating valve for controlling the flow of fuel to its respective cylinder. Each manifold is also provided with a relief passage and a control valve therefor by means of which, the flow of fuel under pressure to any one cylinder may be cut off while the remaining cylinders are in operation. -This relief valve may also serve as a means for regulating the pressures of the fuel in the manifold so as to provide an additional means for varying the operation of any one cylinder with respect to the remaining cylinders. The discharge end of the relief passage is so arranged as to communicate with the drain opening so that the fuel passing therethrough may be conveyed back to the fuel reservoir.

In further accordance with the preferred embodiment of my invention, I provide a pair of fuel injection valves for each engine cylinder. The valves are mounted in their respective cylinder in circumfere-ntially spaced relation to one another. Each of these valves is .provided with two or more fuel jets which are parts, viz., a valve body, a barrel member fitting within the body, a valve fitting Within the bore in the barrel, and a cup-shaped plug which closes the outer end of the valve body and also serves as a means for holding the barrel in position within the body. A valve spring is arranged between the valve stem and the cup-shaped plug for holding the valve on its seat.

Referring now in detail to the drawings for a better understanding of my invention, I show, in Figs. 1 and2, an internal combustion engine of the same general type as disclosed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 102,043, filed April 14, 1926, and assigned to the Westinghouse Elec; & Mfg. Go. My engine comprises a plurality of open-ended working cylinders 10-10 w ich are arranged in parallel relation to one another; a pair of opposed working pistons 1111 mounted in each of the cylinders; and a plurality of crank shafts 1212 arranged transversely of the ends of the working cylinders and connected to the pistons 11 by suitable connecting rods 13. The crank shafts 12 are supported by bearings 14.-14 which are arranged at each side of the crank pins and aresupported by brackets 15-15.

The bearing brackets 15 of one crank shaft are arranged in opposed relation to the bearing brackets of the other crank shaft and are secured together by means of tension members 16, which are arranged between adjacent working cylinders as shown, and by side lates or members 16A. of the supporting rame. A pair of crank cases 1717 surround the crank shafts and they embody flange members 17A secured to the members 16A. Each flange member 17A is provided with a plurality of spaced openings 18 within which are mounted annular flange members 19 which slidably receive the ends of the working cylinders 10. It will, therefore, be seen that the side plates 1611, the flanges 17A, and the tension members constitute a frame for supporting the cylinders and crank shafts.

Each of the working cylinders is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed hollow stud members 20-20 which are secured within openings 2121 provided in bosses 22-22 formed integral with the engine cylinder. The cylinders are held in position by means of bracket members 2323 secured to the engine frame and engaging opposite sides of the hollow studs 2020 carried by the engine cylinder. By reason of this construction, the engine cylinders are firmly secured in position and at the same time are permitted to freely expand and contract longitudinally.

Referring now to my improved fuel injection system for the internal combustion engine disclosed, it will be observed from examination of Figs. 1 and 2 that I have provided for each working cylinder a pair of opposed fuel injection valves 3030 each of which is disposed Within the bore of one of the diametrically-arranged hollow stud members 20. I also provide forheach working cylinder a fuel manifold 31, which is secured to its respective working cylinder by suitable bolts 3232 at points arranged between the two injection valves and in substantially the same transverse plane.

It is to be noted here that while I refer to the device 31 as a fuel manifold, this device is somewhat different from the constructions commonly known by this name in the internal combustion engine art. By fuel manifold, I means a device for supplying fuel to an engine cylinder and having at least one fuel inlet opening and at least two outlet openings, it being borne in mind that in the broadest aspects, both of these outlet openings need not be fuel outlets leadin to the injection valves in the working cy inder, for one of them might be a dram opening for taking careof any waste fuel.

As stated above, a separate fuel manifold is supplied for each working cylinder and comprises a one-piece body portion having a fuel inlet opening 36, a pair of axially aligned fuel outlet openings 37-' 37 a drain opening 38 axiall aligned with the fuel inlet opening 36, a fue supply-passage 39 connecting the fuel inlet opening with the two fuel outlet openings and a relief passage 40 connecting the drain opening 38 with the fuel passage 39. It will be observed from an examination of Fig. 6 that the fuel inlet, fuel outlet, and drain openings are so arranged that an axial line passing through the fuel inlet and drain openings extends at right angles to an axial line passing through the two fuel outlet openings, which arrangement provides a highly compact device.

The fuel inlet opening 36 of the manifold is provided at its inner end with a conical seat 41 which communicates at its apex with the fuel supply passage 39leading to the fuel outlet opening 373 A fuel supply conduit 42 extends within,

' the fuel inlet opening 36 and is provided at its end with a spherically ended connection 43 engaging the conical seat 41, (seeFig. 3). The supply conduit is welded to the cone connection, as indicated at 44, and the cone connection is firmly secured on the cgnical seat by means of a tubular nut 45 screwed within the fuel inlet opening 36 and engaging at its lower end a shoulder 46 provided on the spherically ended connection 43.

The fuel supply conduit 42 is connected to any suitable source of'fuel under pressure such, for instance, as a fuel pump 47 driven in timed relation to the operation of the internal combustion engine (see Fig. 10) lhe pump 47 delivers fuel to the manifold under high pressures, ranging approximately from- 3000 to 7000 pounds per square inch.

Each fuel injection valve 30 is connected to a fuel outlet opening 37 in the fuel manifold 31 of its respective cylinder by means a of a fuel supply conduit 48 secured at its opposite ends to the fuel injection valve and to the fuel outlet opening of the manifold respectively. I also provide a lurality of drain conduits 49-49 each of w i'ch extends between and connects a fuel injection valve with a fuel outlet opening in its respective manifold. Each drain conduit is arranged parallel to and closely adjacent a fuel supply conduitand serves as a means for conveying back to the fuel manifold any waste fuel which might leak past the joints between the component parts of its respective fuel injection valve, as will hereinafter more fully appear. Each-of the fuel outlet openings 37 is provided at its inner end with a conical seat 50 which communicates at its apex with the fuel supply passage 39 in the manifold. A tubular member 51 extends within each of the fuel outlet openings 37 and is provided at its. inner end with a spherical head 52 which fits the conical seat 50. The'head 52 is provided with 'a reduced bore 53 which communicates at its inner end with the fuel supply passage 39 and communicates at its outer end with the interior of the tubular member 51.

Each tubular member 51 is secured within its respective outlet opening 37 by a hollow member 54, which surrounds the tubular member and is screwed into the outlet opening and engages'at its inner end a shoulder 55 provided on the head 52. Each fuel supply conduit 48 is disposed within a tubular member 5l and the inner end thereof is rigidly secured within the reduced bore 53 of the head portion 52.

Each drain conduit 49 also extends within the interior of the tubular member 51. Each tubular member 51 is provided with openings 56-56 extending therethrough and communicating at their outer ends with an annular passage 57 formed in the outlet opening 37 Each pair of drain and supply conduits 49 and48 are secured within the tubular memher 51 by means of a cup-like member 58 fitting over the ends of the tubular member. Each cup-like member is provided with a pair of openings 59 and 60 whichreceive the supply conduit .48'and the drain conduit 49,

ings 37 with the drain opening 38 (see Figs.

2, 3, and 6.) A second drain passage 63 connects. the other outlet opening 37 with the drain opening. The annular passages 5757 provided in the interior of the outlet openings 37- 37 are in communication with the drain passages 62' and 63, respectively, leading to the drain opening. By reason of this construction, the fuel returned to the outlet openings by way-of the drain conduit 49 will also be conveyed to the drain opening 38.

The inner end of each drain opening 38 is in communication with the relief passage 140, and the outer end thereof is rovided with a screw-threaded portion 6%. tubular member 65 extends within each drain opening and is provided with an inner screwthreaded portion 66 which engages the screw threaded portion 64 of the drain opening. Each tubular member extends outwardly of a drain opening 38 and is provided with an annular shoulder 67 engaging the manifold, an intermediate portion 68 having a smooth exterior surface 69 and an outer screw-threaded portion 70.

Radial openings 71-71 extend through the tubular member 65 at the intermediate portion 68. A collar 72 fits the smooth exterior surface of the intermediate portion 68 and is provided with an annular chamber 73 which communicates with the radial openings 71-71, and a plurality of openings 7 1 which receive the ends of a drain conduit 75, which is, in turn, connected to a fuel reservoir 7 6. (See Fig. 10.) The ends of the drain conduit 7 5 are secured within the openings in the collar by brazing indicated at 77. Any fuel leaking past the several connections in the inlet and outlet openings of the manifold, and also any fuel returned to the manifoldfrom the injection valves by the drain conduits 4949 will be conveyed back to the fuel reservoir by means of the drain conduit 75.

As stated above, a relief passage is provided in the manifoldand serves to connect the fuel passage 39'with the drain opening 38. The flow of fuel through the relief pas sage is controlled by means of a needle valve 78 extending into the end of the relief passage and having a stem portion 79 disposed within-the tubular member 65. The outer end of each tubular member 65 is provided with interior screw threads 80 which areengaged by a corresponding screw-threaded portion 81 provided on the outer surface of an adjusta le bushing member 82. The valve stem 79 extends through the axial bore in the bushing. The valve is firmly held in closed position by means of a coil spring 83 surrounding the valve stem and engaging at one end an annular shoulder 84 formed integral with the valve stem and at the other end the inner end of the bushing 82'.

The tension on the spring 83 can be varied by changing the position of the bushing 82. The bushing may be firmly held in any desired adjusted position by means of a lock nut 85 screwed to its outer end and engaging the tubular member 65.

One purpose of the needle valve 78 is to provide a relief means for the fuel within the passage 39 when the pressure of the fuel ex: ceeds a certain amount. The adjustable bushing member 82 and lock nut 85 provides an extremely eiiicient arrangement whereby the needle valve 78 may be set to open at any predetermined amount of fuel pressure.

'voir.

The extreme outer end of the valve stem is provided with screw threads 86 which receive a pair of nuts 87-87. The position of the needle valve with respect to ts seat within the relief passage 40 may be varied by changing the position of the nuts 87-87 along the outer end of the valve stem, thus provlding an additional means for regulating the operation of the internal combustion engine.

The annular collar 72 on the intermediate portion of the tubular member is firmly held in position by a nut 88 screwed to the outer end of the tubular member. The nut 88 is provided with a cap portion 89 which encloses the outer end of the valve stem.

The drain conduits 757 5 which are connected to the annular collar 72 on each of the manifolds, are connected together and, as

stated above, communicate with a fuel reser- This construction forms, in effect, a single drain conduit for servicing all of the manifolds.

From an examination of Fig. 2, it will be seen that the fuel supply passage 39, in each manifold includes a relatively short section 90 which is axially aligned with the outlet openings 37-37, and a section 91 arranged at. right angles to the section 90 and communicating therewith midway the two outlet openings.

A manually operable needle valve 92 is provided for controlling the flow of fuel to the outlet openings 37 37 in each manifold. Each manifold is provided with a screwthreaded opening 93 axially aligned with the section 91 of the fuel supply passage. The needle valve 92 is rovided with a threaded stem portion 94 w ich fits within the opening- 93 and a valve portion 95 which may be adjusted to either restrict or cut off the flow of fuel from the section 91 to the section 90 of the fuel supply passage 39. A lock nut 96'is provided for holding the needle valve 92 in adjusted position, and a locking cap 97 fits over the end of the valve stem and engages the lock nut 96..

Each manifold is provided with a drilled passage 98 which communicates with an opening 99 provided in the working cylinder. The passage 98 and openings 99 is ordinarily closed by a plug 100. The plug may be removed and a suitable testing device, such, for instance, as a pressure gauge (not shown), may be connected to the screw-threaded outer end of the passage 98, which arrangement will provide an effective and simple *means for testing the operation of the working cylinder. I

Referring now to the detail construction of the fuel injection valve and particularly to Fig. 9 of the drawings it will be seen that each valve includes a one-piece member 110 which is disposed within the bore of one of the hollow stud members 20, and is provided with a tip portion 111 which fits within an der. T e b y member 110 is provided with a central bore 113; an outer counter bore 114 separated from the bore 113 by a conical sealing seat 115'; and a second 'conical 116 sealing seat at the inner end ofthe central bore 113 and communicating" at its apex with a fuel discharge chamber 117 provided within the tip portion 111. Thetip portion 111 is also provided with a pair'of fuel discharge orifices 118118 which diverge outwardly from the fuel discharge chamber 117 and serve to connect the fuel discharge chamber with the interior of the working cylinder.

The body member 110 is provided with a fuel supply passage 119 communicating with the central bore 113, and a drain passage 120 communicating with the outer counter bore 114. The end of the fuel supply conduit 48 is firmly secured within the interior of the passa e 119 and the end of the drain conduit 49 is rmly secured within the drain passage 120, by any suitable means such, for instance, as brazing indicated at 121. I

A barrel member 122 is disposed within the body member 110 and comprises a central cylindrical portion 123 fitting the central bore 113 of the body member, an inner conical-shape portion 124 fitting the conical seat 116 of the body portion, and an outer annular flange 125 having a conical surface 126 fitting the conical seat 115 in the body member. The barrel member is provided with an axial bore 127 extending therethrough; an annular oove 128, which is triangular in cross-section and registers with the fuel supply passage in the bodymember;

and a pair of passages 129129 which are arranged at diametrically opposite sides thereof and serve to connect the annular groove 12.8 with the fuel discharge chamber 117.

A valve member 130 is disposed within the body member and comprises a stem portion 131 fittin the bore 127 of the barrel member; a reduced inner portion including a valve proper 132 controlling the flow of fuel into the discharge chamber 117 and a piston portion 133 which is in open communication with the opposed passages 129-429. The valve stem 131 extends upwardly into the counter bore 114 of the body member and'is provided with an annular flange portion 134, and an extension 135.

' lhe barrel member 122 is firmly held on the conical seats 115 and 116, respectively,

.by means of a cup-shaped plug member 136 screwed to the interior of the counter bore and engaging at its lower end the flange portion 125 of the barrel member. The lower end of the plug member 136 is provided with one or more openings 137 which serve to connectthe drain passage. 120 with the space around the valve stem. By reason of this openin 112 rovided in the working cyfin-I construction, any fuel which migh't leak past,

either the valvestem 131, or the conical seat 1151wi1l be conveyed back by the dram conduit 49 to the drain openin in the manifold.

It is to be observed that t e injection valve comprises only four arts, viz, the body memher 110, barrel mem er 122, a valve member 130, and a cup-shaped plug member 136.

The several parts form an extremely simple and highl compact device which can be quickly an easily taken apart and assembled.

A high-compression 0011 spring 138 is disposed between a central portion 139 of the cup member 136 and the annular flange 134 formed on the valve stem, and serves as a 'means for holding the valve upon its seat.

The spring 138 is designed to permit the valve to open when the ressure of the fuel exceeds a certain pre etermined amount. This amount is generally about 3000 pounds per square inch. The upward movement of the valve stem 131 is limited by the engagement of the extension 135 with the central portion 139 of the cup-shaped plug.

During operation of the internal combustion engine separate charges of'fuel under pressures ranging approximately from 3000 to 7000 pounds per square inch will be delivered to the passages 129129 in timed relation to the operation of the engine. The fuel under pressure will bear against the piston face 133 of the valve stem and as a result cause the valve to be forced from its seat and admit the charge of fuel into the working cylinder in the. form of a highly atomized spray.

It is to be observed that the cross sectional area of the annular groove 128 is no greater than the cross sectional area of the conduit 48, also that the combined cross sectional area of the passages 129 is no greater than the groove 128. By reason of this con struction the formation of air pockets within the injection valve is efi'ectively prevented.

Each of the fuel injection valves is firmly clamped in position within the engine cylinder. Each of the hollow stud members is provided with a pair of diametrically-arranged stud bolts 140-140 see Fig. 8). A clamping member 141 exten s across and engages the end of the fuel injection valve and is provided with a pair of arms 142-142, each of which is provided with an arcuate ortion 143 engaging a shank 144 of a stud olt 140. The upper surface of each arm engages underneath a head 145 of a stud bolt, and

the central portion of the clamping member 141 is provided with an opening 146 which receives a screw-threaded plug 147. The lower end of the plug 147 firmly engages the exterior surface of the central portion 139 of the plug member 136 of the injection valve. In order to remove the clam ing member 141, the screw-threaded plug 14 is loosened by a suitable wrench and the arms 142142 are disengaged from the stud bolts 140-140 by a slight counter-clockwise movement of the clamping member 141.

Each hollow stud member is provided with an enlarged opening 148 in a side thereof, through which the injection valve may be passed during assembly and disassembly.

As has already been pointed out, each pair of drain and fuel conduits 49 and 48, respectively, are fixed at one of their endsto the body portion 110 of a fuel injection valve, and are fixed at their other ends to a tubular member 51 extending within an outlet opening 37 in a manifold. This provides an extremely rigid construction which precludes any leakin of the fuel from around the ends of the con uit. Each injection valve, its associated fuel supply and drain conduits, and its tubular member may be quickly removed or assembled, as a unit, by simply manipulating the plug 147, nut 54 and clamping member 141. When removed, the injection valve may be quickly and easily taken apart or assembled.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 9 it will be seen that each working cylinder is provided with a pair of fuel injection valves which are arranged at circumferentially spaced points. As" pointed out before, each of these valves is provided with a pair'of discharge orifices 118118 which diverge outwardly from their respective fuel discharge chambers. The angle of such divergence is such that each pair of orifices will inject fuel into-the working cylinder in lines which are at angles to and at opposite sides of a longitudinal plane passing through both of the injection valves. By reason of this construction and arrangement the entire cross-sectional area of the cylinder between the two opposed pistons 11-11 is filled with a highly atomized spray of fuel.

Referring now to Fig. 10 of the drawings it will be observed that I have illustrated, somewhat diagrammatically, one of the several units or aggregates of which my complete fuel system is composed, each unit or aggregate, as shown in Fig. 10, comprising a single plunger pump element arranged to inject fuel simultaneously into a pair of working cylinders. In this view, I have omitted showing the hollow stud members 20 in the working cylinders, clamping members 141, brackets 23 and tension members 16, as their presence is considered superfluous.

The fuel pump 47 includes a crank shaft 150, which is adapted to be operatively connected to the crank shaft of the engine; a crank case 151 enclosing the crank shaft; one of the pump cylinders 152 secured to the crank case; and a pump piston 153 disposed within the cylinder and connected at its outer end to the crank shaft by a connecting rod 154. It will be observed that the connecting.

rod and piston are connected by a ball and socket joint, which construction permits the piston to be rotated with respectto the pump cylinder.

The pump cylinder 152 is provided with a fuel inlet port 155, a pair of fuel outlet ports 157157, and a spring pressed check valve 175. Liquid fuel under a constant pressure is supplied to the inlet port from the reservoir 76, by a suitable booster pump 158 located in a connecting conduit 158a. Each of the fuel outlet ports 157 is connected by a conduit 42 to a fuel manifold 31 on a working cylinder 10.

The inner end of the piston 153 is in the form of a reduced extension 153, which construction provides a pair of spaced lateral faces 159 and 160. A cut-off valve'161 is formed integral with the reduced extension 158 and is provided with an inclined edge portion 162. As will be seen, the valve 161 does not extend entirely around the reduced extension, the purpose of which is to provide a passage 163 which permits the lateral faces 159 and 160 of the piston to be in open communication at all times.

In the drawings the pump piston is shown in its extreme inner positlon. The pump cylinder is shown as being in communication with the fuel under pressure in the conduit 1580:. Upon an outward movement of the piston, this communication will be cut 05 by the valve 161; but the communication will be reestablished after the inner face 159 passes the inlet port. Assuming that the piston is in its extreme outer position and moving inwardly, the fuel within the pump cylinder will be returned by the pump piston to the reservoir through the inlet port 155 and conduit 158a, there being, ordinarily, sufficient working clearances in the pump 158 as will permit leakage of fuel backwardly through the pump toward the reservoir 76. This will continue until the face 159 passes the port 155 and the valve 161 cuts off the flow therethrough. The fuel will then flow out of the pump cylinder, past the check valve, and to the fuel manifolds 31 in the working cylinders. When the inclined edge 162 of the valve uncovers the port 155, the pressure of the fuel will be released and the fuel will then escape the pressure of the fuel will be suddenly released. This construction and arrangement provides an extremely eflicient and simple means for delivering separate charges of fuel under high pressures to the working cylinder in timed relation to the operation of the engine.

I also provide means for varying the period of injection. The inclined edge 162 provides a cut off valve of varying length. As the period of injection depends upon the length of the cut off valve, this period may be varied at will by rotating the: valve to present a longer or shorter surface to the port 155. The rotation of the valve is effected by a fuel rack 164 havin teeth 165 engaging teeth 166 provided on the pump piston. It will be readily seen that a reciprocatory movement of'the rack 164 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawings, will result in a rotary movement of the pump piston and likewise 'a rotary movement of the cut off valve. The fuel pump is designed that the maximum pressure of fuel will be attained when the cut off valve is adjusted for the longest period of injection.

As pointed out above, the pump 47 supplies fuel simultaneously to-a plurality of working cylinders 10. Also each manifold 31 1s provided with a regulating valve 92 which controls the flow of fuel to the outlet openings 37-37 which are connected respectively to the injection valves 30-30 in its respective cylinder. The operation of any one cylinder may be varied with respect to the remaining cylinders, by adjusting one or more of the regulating valves92. For example, if it is found that one of the cylinders is working harder than the other cylinder, its valve 92 may be screwed down to restrict the flow of fuel to that cylinder, which adjustment, (as

the two cylinders are connected to the one pump) will increase the amount of fuel flowing to the other cylinder.

In the operation of internal combustion engines of the fuel injection type, it has been found that it is sometimes desirable that the period of fuel injection in the working cylinder should extend for 30 of the crank shaft movement. But it has also been found that when the fuelpump is adjusted so that the fuel under pressure will enter the working cylinder for the desired 30 of crank shaft movement, the pressure of the fuel will be so great that the amount of fuel entering the working cylinder will be greatly in excess to that required. In the present arrangement, this difliculty can be easily and effectively overcome in either one of two ways.

One way of obtaining the desired result in the present construction is to first adjust the cut off valve in the fuel pump so that it will deliver fuel to the working cylinder for the desired period, and then to change the tension on the spring 83 so that the valve 7 8 will open at a lower maximum pressure thereby by-pass back to the reservoir the excess fuel.

For example, under ordinary working conditions, the spring 83 on the valve 78 will be probably adjusted to open at approximately 7000 pounds per square inch. When it is desired to increase the period of injection, the

cut-ofi' valve on the fuel pump is adjusted for this desired period; but as pointed out before, due to this longer period of injection, the pressure and likewise the amount of the fuel will also be increased. The tension on the spring 83 is then changed by adjusting the bushing 82, so that the relief valve will open at a lower maximum pressure, for example 5000 pounds per square inch, and as a result the excess fuel will be conveyed back to the reservoir by thedrain conduit 75.

The present construction is also capable of attaining the desired result above referred to by adjusting the nuts 8787 on the end of the valve stem to hold the relief valve 78 off its seat a slight predetermined amount, so that the excess fuel will be by-passed back to the reservoir. However, in the last adjustment the cut-off valve will have to be adjusted so that the pump will deliver fuel for a period of time longer than the desired period of fuel injection in the working cylinder. The reason for this is that the leak by the relief valve will result in a delay of the fuel pump in attaining the pressure required to open the fuel injection valves in the working pump delivers fuel to the working cylinders at pressures ranging between 3000 and 7000 pounds; and that I adjust the relief valve to open at 5000 pounds. It is to be distinctly understood, however, that these figures are given for the purposes of illustration only,

and that the construction shown is capable of being adjusted to operate at a wide range of fuel pressures. Whilel have shown a plunger pump element supplying fuel simultaneously to a group which is composed of two cylinders, it will be obvious that the group associated with any one plunger pump element may comprise more than two cylinders. Furthermore, it will be noted that, for the purpose of simplifying the illustration, I have shown in Fig. 10 only one of the several elements or aggregates of which my complete fuel system is composed, each aggregate embodying, essentially, a single plunger pump element supplying fuel simultaneously to a group of associated cylinders, the complete fuel system being composed of several such units or aggregates all operating in proper sequence or timed relation in a manner well understood in the art.

lVhile I have shown my invention in but one form. it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

hat I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of working cylinders, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in each cylinder; a fuel manifold for each cylinder; each of said manifolds including a fuel inlet means, a fuel outlet means, and a drain passage; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet means of each manifold with the fuel injection device in its respective cylinders; drain conduit means for connecting the fuel injection device of each cylinder with the drain passage of its respective manifold; and a single drain conduit connecting the drain passages of all the manifolds.

2. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of working cylinders, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in each of the cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of the cylinders; each of i said manifolds including a fuel inlet connection, a fuel outlet connection, a drain passage and means providing communication between both the inlet and outlet connections and the drain passage; supply conduit means connecting the outlet connection of each manifold with the fuel injection device in its respective cylinder; and a single drain conduit connected to the drain passage of all of the manifolds.

In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of working cylinders, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in each of the cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of the cylinders; each of said manifolds including a fuel inlet connection, a

fuel outlet connection, a drain passage, and means providing communication between both the fuel inletand the fuel outlet connections and the drain passage; supply conduit means connecting the outlet connection of each manifold with the fuel injection device in its respective cylinder; drain conduit means for connecting each fuel injection device with the drain passage in its respective manifold; and a single drain conduit connected to the drain passages of all of the manifolds.

4. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of working cylinders, the.

combination of a fuel injection device mounted in each of said cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of said cylinders; each of said manifolds including afuel inlet connection, a fuel outlet connection, a drain passage, means providing communication between both the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet connections and the drain passage, and a relief passage communicating with the interior of the manifold and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therefrom; and supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet connection of each of said manifolds with the fuel injection device in its respective cylinder.

5. In an internal combustion engine having a pluralit of working cylinders, the combination 0 a fuel injection device for each of said cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of said cylinders; each of said manifolds including a fuel inlet means, fuel outlet means, a drain passage, and a relief passage communicating with the interior of the manifold and having a valve therein for controlling the fiow of fuel therefrom; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet means of each of said manifolds with the fuel injection device in its respective cylinder; and a drain conduit means connecting each fuel injection device with the drain passage in its respective manifold.

6. In an internal combustion engine having .a plurality of working cylinders, the combination of a fuel injection device for each of said cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of said cylinders; each of said manifolds including a fuel inlet connection, a fuel outlet connection, a drain passage, means providing communication between both the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet connections and the drain passage, and a relief passage communicating with the interior of the manifold .and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therefrom; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet of each of said manifolds with the fuel injection device of its respective cylinder; and a drain conduit means for connecting each of the fuel injection devices with the drain passage of its respective manifold.

7. In an internal combustion. engine having a plurality of working cylinders, the combination of a fuel injection device for each of said cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of said cylinders; each of said manifolds including fuel inlet means, fuel outlet means, a drain passage, and a relief passage communicating with the interior of the manifold and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therefrom; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet means of each of said manifolds wit-h the fuel injecthe drain passage, and a relief passage communicating with the interior of the manifold and havin a valve therein for controlling the fiow of fuel therefrom; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet connection of each of said manifolds with the fuel injection device of its respective cylinder; a drain conduit means connecting each of said fuel injection devices with the rain passage of its res ective manifold; and a common drain con uit connecting the drain passages of all of said manifolds.

9. In an internal combustion engine having a plurality of working cylinders, the combination of a fuel injection device for each of said cylinders; a fuel manifold for each of said cylinders; each of said manifolds comprising a fuel inlet connection, a fuel outlet connection, a drain passa e, means providing communication between 0th the fuel inlet and fuel outlet connections and the drain passage, and a relief passage connecting the interior of said manifold with the drain passage and having a valve therein for controlling the fiow of fuel therethrough; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet connection of each of said manifolds with the fuel injection valve of its respective cylinder; a drain conduit means connecting the fuel injection device of each cylinder with the drain passa e in its respective manifold; and a single con uit for connecting the drain passages of all of the manifolds. 10. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a fuel'injection device for said cylinder; a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising a fuel inlet connection, afuel outlet connection, a drain passage, and means rovidin'g communication between both the el inlet and fuel outlet connections and the drain passage connecting the manifold with the fuel injection device in the cylinder.

11. In an internal ing a working cylinder, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in said cylinder; a manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising fuel inlet means, fueloutlet means, and a drain passage; supply conduit 7 means connectin the fuel outlet means of the manifold wit% the fuel injection device; and a drain conduit means connecting the fuel injection device with the drain passage in the manfold.

' 12. In an internal combustion engine havin a working cylinder, the combination of a el injection device mounted in said cylinder; a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said 05 manifold comprising a fuel inlet connection,

and supply conduit means fuel outlet connection of the combustion engine hav-' a fuel outlet connection, a drain passage, and means providing communication between both the fuel inlet and fuel outlet connections and the drain passage; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet connection of the manifold with the fuel injection device; and a drain conduit means connecting the fuel injection device with the drain passage in the manifold.

13. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in said cylinder; a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising a fuel inlet means, a fuel outlet means, a drain passage, and a relief passage connecting the fuel inlet means with the drain passage and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therethrough; and supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet means of said manifold with the fuel injection device.

14. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in said cylinder; a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising a fuel inlet connection, a fuel outlet connection, a drain passage, means providing communication between both the fuel inlet and fuel outlet connections and the'drain passage, and a relief passage communicatin with the interior of the manifold and having a valve therein for controlling the flow offueltherefrom; and

supply conduit means connecting the fuel out fuel injection device.

15. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a uel injection device mounted in said cylinder a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising fuel inlet means, fuel outlet means, a drain passage, and a relief passage communicating with the interior of v et connection of said manifold with the said manifold and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therefrom; supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet means of said manifold with the fuel injection device; and a drain conduit means connecting the fuel injection device with the drain passage in said manifold.

16. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a fuel injection device for said cylinder; a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising a fuel inlet connection, a fuel outlet connection, a drain passage for receiving the leakage from around said connectlons,

- and a relief passage connecting the interior of said manifold with the drain passage and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therefrom supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet connection of said manifold with the fuel injection device; and a drain conduit means connecting the fuel injection device with the drain passage in said manifold.

17. In an internal combustion engine havin a working c linder, the combination of a fuel injection evice mounted in said cylinder; a fuel manifold for said cylinder; said manifold comprising a fuel inlet means, a

fuel outlet means, a drain passage, and a re lief passage connecting the fuel inlet means with the drain passage and having a valve therein for controlling the flow of fuel therefrom; and supply conduit means connecting the fuel outlet means of said manifold with the fuel injection device; and a drain conduit means connecting the fuel injection device with the drain passage in said manifold.

18. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder; a pair of injection devices mounted in said cylinder in circumferentially spaced relation to one another; a fuel manifold secured to the cylinder in the transverse plane of the injection devices and centrall therebetween; said manifold including a uel inlet and a pair of fuel outlets; conduit means connecting one of said fuel outlets with one of the fuel injection devices; and conduit means connecting the other of said fuel outlets with the other of said, fuel injection devices. I 19. In an internal combustion engine havinga working cylinder; a pair of injection devices mounted in said cylinder in circumferentially spaced relation to one another; a fuel manifold secured to said cylinder inthe transverse plane of the injection devices and at points arranged between said injection devices; said manifold including a fuel inlet and a pair of fuel outlets; conduit means connecting one of said fuel outlets with one of the fuel injection devices; and conduit means connecting the other of said fuel outlets with the other of said fuel injection devices.

20. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a pair of fuel injection devices mounted in sa d cylinder and arranged at diametrically opposite sides of the cylinder in opposed re lation to one another; a fuel manifold secured to said cylinder in the transverse plane of the injection devices and at points arranged between the pair of injection devices; said manifold including a fuel inlet and a pair of fuel outlets; conduit means connecting one of said outlets with one of the injection devices; and conduit means connecting the other of said outlets with the other of said injection devices.

21. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a pair of opposed pistons in said cylinder; a pair of injection devices mounted in said cylinder in circumferentially spaced relation to one another; a fuel manifold secured to said cylinder at points arranged centrally between the injection devices and in the transverse plane of the injection devices, and including a fuel inlet and a pair of fuel outlets; conduit means connectin one of said fuel outlets with one of the said injection devices;

and conduit means connecting the other of der; a manifold for supplying fuel under pressure to said injection device and comprising a onepiece body portion having a fuel in ct opening, a fuel outlet opening, and a drain passage; said fuel outlet opening being provided with an enlarged screw-threaded bore terminating at its inner end in a sealing seat; a tubular member disposed within said bore and being provided with an inner head portion having exterior surfaces cooperating with the sealing seat, and a shoulder; said head portion being provided with a reduced axial bore communicating at its inner end with the interior of the manifold and communicating at its outer end with the interior of the tubular member; a hollow nut member surrounding said tubular member and having an exterior screw-threaded portion engaging the bore of the fuel outlet opening and an inner end portion engaging the shoulder of the tubularmember for clamping the head against the sealing seat; a supply conduit having one end thereof extending into the tubular member and into the reduced bore of the head portion thereof and having a fluid-tight fit therewith, and the other end thereof rigidlysecured to the fuel injection device; a drain conduit having one end thereof rigidly secured to the injection device and the other end thereof extending into the tubular member; means providing a rigid fluid-tight connection betweenthe outer portion of the tubular member and the two said conduits; and means providing communication between the manifold end of the drain conduit and the drain passage.

23. In a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel manifold including a body portion having a screw-threaded drain opening therein; a member having an axial. bore extending therethrough and comprising an inner end portion extending within the drain opening and having exterior threads engaging the screw threads of said drain opening, a shoulder disposed adjacent said screw thread end portion, an intermediate portion having a smooth exterior surface and an opening therethrough communicating at its inner end with the axial bore, and an outer end portion having exterior screw threads; a collar fitting the intermediate portion of the tubular member and abutting at one side thereof said shoulder; said collar having a radial opening communicating with the opening in said intermunicating at their inner fuel manifold including a body portion having a screw-threaded, drain opening therein; a member having an axial bore therethrough;

- said member comprising an inner end portion extending within the drain opening and the manifold and having exterior screw threads cooperating with the screw threads of said drain openings, a shoulder disposed adjacent said screw-threaded end portion, an inter- -mediate portion having a smooth exterlor surface and being provided with a plurality of openings extending therethrough and comends with the axial threads on its exterior surface a collar fitting the intermediate portion of the tubular member and abutting at one side thereof said shoulder; said collar having an annular groove in its inner surface communicating with the openings in the intermediate member, and a radial opening communicating with the groove; a cap having a screw-threaded bore engaging the outer screw-threaded end of the tubular member and having an end portion engaging the collar and clamping the same firmly against the shoulder; a drain conduit communicating at one end thereof with the radial openin in the collar; and means providing a rigid uid-tight joint between the conduit and the collar.

25. In a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel manifold having a fuel inlet opening,

- an enlarged screw-threaded drain opening,

and a relief passage of reduced diameter connecting said fuel inlet opening with the drain opening; a tubular memberincludingascrewthreaded inner end portion fitting within the drain opening; a relief valve for closing the relief passage and including a stem portion arranged within said tubular member; a spring for biasing said valve stem toward a closed position; a drain conduit secured to said tubular member; and means providing communication'between the interior of said tubular member and the conduit.

26. A manifold for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a one-piece body portion having a fuel inlet opening, a fueloutlet opening, a fuel passage connecting the inlet opening with the outlet opening, a drain opening, a relief passage connecting the supply passage with the drain opening, and drain passages cnne'ct tluit and the passage connecting ing both the fuel inlet and fuel outlet openings with the drain opening.

27. A manifold for a fuel injecting system of an internal combustion engine, comprising a one-piece body portion having a fuel inlet opening, a fuel outlet opening, a fuel passage connecting the inlet opening with the outlet opening, a drain opening, a relief the fuel passage with the drain opening, and drainpassagesconnecting both the fuel inlet and fuel outlet openings with the drain opening and a valve for controlling the flow of fuel through the relief passage.

28. A manifold for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine comprising a one-piece body portion; said body portion being provided with a fuel inlet opening, a fuel outlet opening, a fuel passage connecting the inlet and outlet openings, a drain opening, and a relief passage axially arranged with respect to the fuel inlet opening and providing communication between the fuel inlet opening'and the drain opening.

29. A' manifold for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a one-piece body portion having a fuel inlet opening, a fuel outlet opening, a fuel passage connecting the inlet and outlet openings, a drain opening, a relief passage connecting the fuel inlet opening withthe drain opening, and drain passages connecting both the fuel inlet and fuel outlet openings with the drain opening; valve means for controlling the flow of fuel through said fuel passage; and valve means for controlling the flow of fuel through said relief passage.

30. A manifold for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine comprising a one-piece body portion; said body portion being provided with a fuel inlet opening, a drain opening axially aligned with the fuel inlet opening, a pair of fuel outlet openings axially arranged with respect to each other and having their common axis arranged at substantially right angles to the common axis of the fuel inlet and drain openings, a fuel passage connecting the inlet opening with the outlet openings, and a relief passage provid ing communication between the fuel inlet opening and the drain opening; and valve means for controlling the flow of fuel through said fuel passage and said relief passage.

31. A manifold for a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine comprising a one-piece body portion, said body portion being provided with a fuel inlet opening, a

fuel outlet opening, a fuel passage connnecting the inlet and outlet openings, a drain opening aligned with the fuel inlet opening, and a relief passage drain opening and providing communication between the fuel inlet opening and the drain opening.

axially aligned with the 32. In an internal combustion engine having a working cylinder, the combination of a fuel injection device mounted in said cylinder, a fuel manifold spaced from the injection device, a fuel supply conduit extending from the manifold to the injection device, a fuel drain conduit extending from the injection device to the manifold, means for detachably securing the injection device in the cylinder, means for detachably securing one end of the fuel supply conduit and one end of the fuel drain conduit to the manifold, and means for rigidly securing the other end of the fuel supply conduit and the other end of the, drain conduit to the injection device, whereby the injection device and the fuel supply and drain conduits may be removed, as a single assembly, from the cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 26th day of July,

HERBERT T. HERE. 

